Last Updated on December 29, 2023 by admin
What is Multiple Myeloma?
Multiple myeloma, also known as myeloma or myeloma cancer, is a type of cancer that affects plasma cells, a type of white blood cell found in the bone marrow. These plasma cells are an essential part of the immune system, producing antibodies to fight off infections and diseases. However, in multiple myeloma, these plasma cells become cancerous and multiply uncontrollably, crowding out healthy cells in the bone marrow.
Causes of Multiple Myeloma
The exact cause of multiple myeloma is still unknown. However, certain factors can increase the risk of developing this disease. These risk factors include:
- Age: Multiple myeloma is more common in individuals over the age of 65.
- Gender: Men are slightly more likely to develop multiple myeloma than women.
- Race: African Americans are at a higher risk compared to other racial groups.
- Family History: Having a close family member with multiple myeloma may increase the risk.
- Obesity: Being overweight or obese may contribute to the development of multiple myeloma.
Types of Multiple Myeloma
There are several types of multiple myeloma, each with its own characteristics and progression:
- Smoldering Multiple Myeloma: This type of myeloma does not cause any symptoms and does not require immediate treatment. However, close monitoring is necessary to detect any progression.
- Multiple Myeloma: The most common type, multiple myeloma causes symptoms such as bone pain, fatigue, anemia, and kidney problems.
- Plasma Cell Leukemia: A rare and aggressive form of myeloma where the cancer cells circulate in the bloodstream.
- Nonsecretory Multiple Myeloma: In this type, the cancer cells do not produce the typical M proteins, making diagnosis more challenging.
- Myeloma with Extramedullary Disease: This type involves the growth of tumors outside the bone marrow, affecting organs such as the liver, lungs, or skin.
Treatment Options for Multiple Myeloma
Multiple myeloma treatment aims to control the disease, relieve symptoms, and improve the quality of life. The treatment plan may vary depending on the stage of the disease, overall health, and individual preferences. Some common treatment options include:
- Chemotherapy: Powerful drugs are used to kill cancer cells and slow down the progression of multiple myeloma.
- Immunomodulatory Drugs: These medications enhance the immune system’s ability to fight cancer cells.
- Targeted Therapy: These drugs specifically target cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells.
- Stem Cell Transplantation: Healthy stem cells are transplanted into the patient’s body to replace the damaged cells.
- Radiation Therapy: High-energy beams are used to kill cancer cells or relieve pain caused by bone lesions.
Multiple Myeloma Medication Names
There are several medications commonly used in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Some of these include:
- Bortezomib (Velcade)
- Lenalidomide (Revlimid)
- Carfilzomib (Kyprolis)
- Pomalidomide (Pomalyst)
- Daratumumab (Darzalex)
It is important to note that these medications may be used alone or in combination with other drugs, depending on the specific needs of the patient. Treatment plans are tailored to each individual’s condition and may be adjusted over time.
References:
1 https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/multiple-myeloma/types-treatment
2 https://www.webmd.com/cancer/multiple-myeloma/multiple-myeloma-symptoms-causes-treatment
Conclusion
Multiple myeloma, also known as myeloma or myeloma cancer, is a complex disease that requires a comprehensive approach to treatment. Understanding the causes, types, and available treatment options is crucial for patients and their loved ones. By working closely with healthcare professionals and staying informed, individuals can navigate the challenges of multiple myeloma and strive for a better quality of life.